Distributed tivo

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Contents

Peer assisted VoD

http://www.ece.ucdavis.edu/~chuah/paper/2005/mmsp05-bass.pdf http://www.ece.ucdavis.edu/~chuah/paper/2009/transmm09-nc-cpr.pdf

https://eprints.kfupm.edu.sa/62381/1/62381.pdf

HPNA

  • ITU G.9954 standard
  • With its 320Mbps of bandwidth and ability to use either coax cable or phone wires, HPNA 3.1 can easily handle VDSL, ADSL, POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service), and television simultaneously. Since it is capable of multispectrum operation, HPNA can also handle multiple networks over the same wiring, with up to 50 devices spread up to 1,000 feet apart on a single network.” -- Eric Bangeman, Ars Technica
  • Operates with CE equipment, computers and devices up to 1,000 feet apart, making it ideal for homes up to 10,000 square feet.

MoCA

FiOS

Regarding FIOS, there are three general class of offices (1)Super Head End (SHE) (2) Video Hub Office (VHO) and Video Serving Office (VSO). The SHE is where all the video content is acquired and encoded (including VOD), except local content like Public, Education, Government (PEG) channels and metro area off-air channels (i.e., the local broadcast affiliates of the major networks and independent stations). There are two SHEs nationally (for redundancy) connected via a fiber optic ring (I think the SHEs are located in Temple Terrace, Florida with a backup in Bloomington, Illinois). Connected to this ring are the VHOs. Typically there is one VHO per metropolitan area (e.g., Dallas metro).

At the VHO local content is acquired and encoded (i.e, the PEG channels are inserted, the off-air channels [WNBC New York]), VOD servers are located, as well as ad-insertion servers. In the case of the NYC metro area there are two VHOs; I believe there is a VHO in Queens NY, and another in Freehold NJ.

The metro area's VHO then connects via another fiber ring to the VSOs of the area, which are effectively the same as your current Verizon Central Office (i.e., where you copper voice or DSL line terminate). VSOs are typically at the community level and is where the FIOS analog channels are typically inserted (i.e., a subset of the digital channels received from the VHO are converted to AM-VSB so they can be received with a cable-ready TV [i.e., woithout a STB]).

Deployment cost

KT

HFC (cable)


http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0DIZ/is_11_18/ai_n26881478/

http://anyion.blogspot.com/2006/09/true-cost-of-residential-fiber.html

http://seekingalpha.com/article/29308-how-verizon-s-fios-will-change-the-face-of-the-telecom-industry

  • Cost analysis for FTTH

http://www.ictregulationtoolkit.org/en/PracticeNote.aspx?id=2974

  • doc (Fiber-to-the-Home Versus Hybrid-Fiber-Coax Network Deployment) 
Maintenance

http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/asna/presentations/Session_2/asna_0604_whitepaper_brouse.doc http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4598641&isnumber=4598636

  • Optical access: is cost still the sticking point?

http://fibresystems.org/cws/article/magazine/36035

  • NTT

http://www.localret.es/localretnews/bandaampla/num18/docs/11num18.pdf

  • KT

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4493859&isnumber=4493687

  • Verizon

http://newscenter.verizon.com/kit/nxtcomm/Product-sheet-FiOS-1Q07.pdf

  • alcatel?

http://www.networks2008.org/data/upload/file/Technical/A2_2_Kulkarni_El-Syaed_Polonsky_Gagen.pdf

  • India (broadcast, but encrypted ..)

http://images.ejeepss.multiply.com/attachment/0/ReZehwoKCqEAAG9@PIk1/FTTH_India.pdf?nmid=21043306

VHO

FiOS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verizon_FiOS

Verizon Announces Plans to Establish a Local Video Hub Office at Western Pennsylvania http://wireless.sys-con.com/node/306397

Cisco brochure http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns524/ns610/net_brochure0900aecd80613e44.pdf

Fujitsu http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/TEL/fnc/whitepapers/VOD_ROADM_wp.pdf

http://www.iec.org/newsletter/august07_1/broadband_1.html

http://www.cable360.net/ct/strategy/competition/31025.html

Related work

https://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/padhye/publications/mobicom2003.ppt

Storage

  • 2 hour, 2Mbit/s, 100,000 movies. 
 2*2*3600*100000/8 = 180TB

tips/findings

video_mics_findings

vlc_compile

link

Geekast P2P streaming http://home.gna.org/geekast/

Mediainfo for linux http://linux.softpedia.com/get/Multimedia/Video/MediaInfo-31053.shtml

HDTVtoMPEG2 (TS file to mpeg2) http://www.midwinter.com/~bcooley/

sample clips http://www.elecard.com/download/clips.php

install

mpeg4ip-server

Wireless

  • xput between WEAN and CIC <10Kbps
  • loss 20%~30% even with ping
  • 00:80:48:52:4C:D0 doesn't work 22dB --> 33dB (pigtail) --> 48dB (same model different antenna)
  • 00:80:48:52:4C:CF 55~60dB
  • 00:0C:42:18:F0:0C 49~60dB
  • ICMP reply from CIC 5dB 
   * Only 802.11 headers:  echo '801' > /proc/sys/net/ath0/dev_type
   * Prism2 headers: echo '802' > /proc/sys/net/ath0/dev_type
   * Radiotap headers: echo '803' > /proc/sys/net/ath0/dev_type
   * Atheros Descriptors: echo '804' > /proc/sys/net/ath0/dev_type
  • Antenna
    • HG2405RD-RTP
    • HG2458RD-RSP 3 dBi
    • HG2407RD-RTP (?)
    • HG2409RD-RTP
    • Fat one 3dBi in 2.4GHz 5dBi in 5Ghz

Transcoding

transcode

DTV OTA

  • Advanced Television Systems Committee
  • ATSC uses the MPEG-2 systems specification

Pittsburgh Channels

  • 2-1 KDKA-DT
  • 11-1 WPXI-DT (HD) quality 2 (bad)
  • 11-2 WX PLUS (SD)
  • 11-3 RTN (SD)
  • 22-1 WPMY-DT (HD) quality 4 (good)
  • 22-2 WPMY-DT (SD simulcast)
  • 40-1 WPCB-DT
  • 53-1 WPGH-DT
  • 53-2 WPGH-DT (SD simulcast)
  • 13-1 WQED-HD (HD) quality 3.5 (acceptable~good)
  • 13-2 WQED-SD (SD simulcast of WQED-TV) 4.5 (good~excellent)
  • 13-3 WQED-SD (The Neighborhood Channel) 4.5
  • 16-1 WQEX-DT

Bitrate of recorded video

  • SD 
Input #0, mpegts, from '1132_20080804120500.mpg':q=    0B    
 Duration: 00:09:56.1, start: 43021.806300, bitrate: 2490 kb/s
 Stream #0.0[0x44](eng): Audio: 0x0000, 48000 Hz, stereo, 192 kb/s
 Stream #0.1[0x41]: Video: mpeg2video, yuv420p, 704x480, 15000 kb/s, 29.97 fps(r)

Input #0, mpegts, from '1112_20080804123000.mpg':
 Duration: 00:09:56.7, start: 14416.776411, bitrate: 2116 kb/s
 Stream #0.0[0x41]: Video: mpeg2video, yuv420p, 704x480, 15000 kb/s, 29.97 fps(r)
 Stream #0.1[0x44](eng): Audio: 0x0000, 48000 Hz, stereo, 192 kb/s
  • SD after H.264 conversion using video bitrate of 1265kb/s. (0.125 bit/pixel) 
Input #0, avi, from 'video.avi':
 Duration: 00:02:39.5, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 1211 kb/s
 Stream #0.0: Video: h264, yuv420p, 704x480, 29.97 fps(r)

Input #0, ogg, from 'audio.ogg': 0KB vq=    0KB sq=    0B    
 Duration: 00:02:37.1, start: 1.034667, bitrate: 61 kb/s
 Stream #0.0: Audio: vorbis, 48000 Hz, stereo, 64 kb/s
  4.58 A-V:  0.000 aq=   80KB vq=    0KB sq=    0B
  • HD 
Input #0, mpegts, from '1131_20080804122000.mpg':q=    0B    
 Duration: 00:09:57.5, start: 43903.371056, bitrate: 13414 kb/s
 Stream #0.0[0x34](eng): Audio: 0x0000, 48000 Hz, 5:1, 384 kb/s
 Stream #0.1[0x31]: Video: mpeg2video, yuv420p, 1920x1080, 16971 kb/s, 29.97 fps(r)

Input #0, mpegts, from '1131_20080418143700.mpg':q=    0B    
 Duration: 00:22:41.6, start: 89363.056044, bitrate: 11497 kb/s
 Stream #0.0[0x34](eng): Audio: 0x0000, 48000 Hz, 5:1, 384 kb/s
 Stream #0.1[0x31]: Video: mpeg2video, yuv420p, 1920x1080, 13501 kb/s, 29.97 fps(r)

Resilience to packet loss

  • Depends on the motion in the movie
  • Lots of papers on error concealment
  • Paper on H.264 over 3G wireless (H.264/AVC in Wireless Environments)
  • OTA DTV uses error correcting code and different modulation
  • Almost all papers use PSNR for metric of quality.... real viewing quality?
  • Most uses MB loss rate as opposed to packet loass rate
  • MPEG4
    • Packet Loss Recovery for Streaming Video (Nick Feamster)
    • Tolerable packet loss rate 1/64. approximately 1.5% using selective retransmission
    • Tolerable packet loss rate 1/256. 0.3% otherwise
  • H.264
    • An Improved H.264 Error Concealment Algorithm with User Feedback Design
      • 10% MB loss - Excellent quality
      • 15% MB loss - Good quality
    • A New Temporal Error Concealment Method for H.264 using Adaptive Block Sizes
      • Evaluates the quality at macro block loss rate of 5%~20%.

common conditions

  • Wired
    • Real measurement from backbone 
S. Wenger, “Proposed Error Patterns for Internet Experiments”, Q15-I-16.zip, October 1999, available from   
http://ftp3.itu.ch/av-arch/video-site/9910_Red/q15i16.zip
  • Wireless 
“Common conditions for video performance evaluation in H.324/M
error-prone systems, VCEG (SG16/Q15),” in Ninth Meeting, Redbank,
NJ, Oct. 1999, ITU-T Q15-I-60.

G. Roth, R. Sjöberg, G. Liebl, T. Stockhammer, V. Varsa, and M. Karczewicz,
“Common Test Conditions for RTP/IP Over 3GPP/3GPP2,”,
Austin, TX, ITU-T SG16 Doc. VCEG-M77, 2001.

Encoding

  • With the same video quality, the coding efficiency of the H.264 (or MPEG-4 AVC) can be double when compared with

MPEG4 and four times when compared with MPEG2 [4].

  • Blu-ray DVD: MPEG-2, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and VC-1
  • DVD: Though many resolutions and formats are supported, most consumer DVD-Video discs use either 4:3 or anamorphic 16:9 aspect ratio MPEG-2 video, stored at a resolution of 720×480 (NTSC) or 720×576 (PAL) at 29.97 or 25 FPS. Audio is commonly stored using the Dolby Digital (AC-3) or Digital Theater System (DTS) formats, ranging from 16-bits/48 kHz to 24-bits/96 kHz format with monaural to 7.1 channel "Surround Sound" presentation, and/or MPEG-1 Layer 2. Although the specifications for video and audio requirements vary by global region and television system, many DVD players support all possible formats. DVD-Video also supports features like menus, selectable subtitles, multiple camera angles, and multiple audio tracks.

H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is widely used.

  • Dish Network (only this format)
  • Direct TV
  • Joost
  • DVD-blueray H.264/AVC or VC-1

Bluray standard includes H.264 and VC-1. 

* They are similar but VC-1 doesn't have network adaptation layer (NAL). 
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_H.264_and_VC-1

Modulation 

* OTA 8VSB
  * 8VSB is the 8-level vestigial sideband modulation method adopted for terrestrial broadcast of the ATSC digital television standard in the United States, Canada, and other countries. In the 6 MHz (megahertz) channel used for broadcast ATSC, 8VSB carries a symbol rate of 10.76 Mbaud, and a net bit rate of 19.39 Mbit/s of usable data, although the transmitted gross bit rate is significantly higher due to the addition of forward error correction codes. 

* Digital Cable QAM

MPEG over view

* http://www.envivio.com/technology/mpeg4_overview.php

H.264 Levels

Quicktime webpage.
For H.264, here are some general guidelines:
   * For a frame size of 1920 x 1080 (full high definition), choose a data rate of 7,000-8,000 Kbps.
   * For a frame size of 1280 x 720 (commonly-used high definition), choose a data rate of 5,000-6,000 Kbps.
   * For a frame size of 640 x 480 (standard definition), choose a data rate of 1,000-2,000 Kbps.
   * For a frame size of 320 x 240 (Internet-size content), choose a data rate of 300-500 Kbps.
   * For a frame size of 176 x 144 (3G), choose a data rate of 50-60 Kbps for 10-15 fps content, or up to 150-200 Kbps  for 24-30 fps content.

 Wikipedia
Level number Max macroblocks per second Max frame size (macroblocks) Max video bit rate (VCL) for Baseline, Extended and Main Profiles Max video bit rate (VCL) for High Profile Max video bit rate (VCL) for High 10 Profile Max video bit rate (VCL) for High 4:2:2 and High 4:4:4 Predictive Profiles Examples for high resolution @
frame rate
(max stored frames)
in Level
1 1485 99 64 kbit/s 80 kbit/s 192 kbit/s 256 kbit/s 128x96@30.9 (8)
176x144@15.0 (4)
1b 1485 99 128 kbit/s 160 kbit/s 384 kbit/s 512 kbit/s 128x96@30.9 (8)
176x144@15.0 (4)
1.1 3000 396 192 kbit/s 240 kbit/s 576 kbit/s 768 kbit/s 176x144@30.3 (9)
320x240@10.0 (3)
352x288@7.5 (2)
1.2 6000 396 384 kbit/s 480 kbit/s 1152 kbit/s 1536 kbit/s 320x240@20.0 (7)
352x288@15.2 (6)
1.3 11880 396 768 kbit/s 960 kbit/s 2304 kbit/s 3072 kbit/s 320x240@36.0 (7)
352x288@30.0 (6)
2 11880 396 2 Mbit/s 2.5 Mbit/s 6 Mbit/s 8 Mbit/s 320x240@36.0 (7)
352x288@30.0 (6)
2.1 19800 792 4 Mbit/s 5 Mbit/s 12 Mbit/s 16 Mbit/s 352x480@30.0 (7)
352x576@25.0 (6)
2.2 20250 1620 4 Mbit/s 5 Mbit/s 12 Mbit/s 16 Mbit/s 352x480@30.7(10)
352x576@25.6 (7)
720x480@15.0 (6)
720x576@12.5 (5)
3 40500 1620 10 Mbit/s 12.5 Mbit/s 30 Mbit/s 40 Mbit/s 352x480@61.4 (12)
352x576@51.1 (10)
720x480@30.0 (6)
720x576@25.0 (5)
3.1 108000 3600 14 Mbit/s 17.5 Mbit/s 42 Mbit/s 56 Mbit/s 720x480@80.0 (13)
720x576@66.7 (11)
1280x720@30.0 (5)
3.2 216000 5120 20 Mbit/s 25 Mbit/s 60 Mbit/s 80 Mbit/s 1280x720@60.0 (5)
1280x1024@42.2 (4)
4 245760 8192 20 Mbit/s 25 Mbit/s 60 Mbit/s 80 Mbit/s 1280x720@68.3 (9)
1920x1080@30.1 (4)
2048x1024@30.0 (4)
4.1 245760 8192 50 Mbit/s 50 Mbit/s 150 Mbit/s 200 Mbit/s 1280x720@68.3 (9)
1920x1080@30.1 (4)
2048x1024@30.0 (4)
4.2 522240 8704 50 Mbit/s 50 Mbit/s 150 Mbit/s 200 Mbit/s 1920x1080@64.0 (4)
2048x1080@60.0 (4)
5 589824 22080 135 Mbit/s 168.75 Mbit/s 405 Mbit/s 540 Mbit/s 1920x1080@72.3 (13)
2048x1024@72.0 (13)
2048x1080@67.8 (12)
2560x1920@30.7 (5)
3680x1536/26.7 (5)
5.1 983040 36864 240 Mbit/s 300 Mbit/s 720 Mbit/s 960 Mbit/s 1920x1080@120.5 (16)
4096x2048@30.0 (5)
4096x2304@26.7 (5)
Level number Max macroblocks per second Max frame size (macroblocks) Max video bit rate (VCL) for Baseline, Extended and Main Profiles Max video bit rate (VCL) for High Profile Max video bit rate (VCL) for High 10 Profile Max video bit rate (VCL) for High 4:2:2 and High 4:4:4 Predictive Profiles Examples for high resolution @
frame rate
(max stored frames)
in Level

Articles

IPTV

  • Performance of Triple Play Services in Wireless Meshed Networks 
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/4382112/4382113/04382157.pdf?tp=&isnumber=&arnumber=4382157

Others

  • YouTube 320 x 240 (High quality 480x360)
  • DVD 4.263GB 109min playtime : 5.2Mbps
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