From Cmcl

Contents 1 Tentative Topics 1.1 Basics 1.2 A Single Machine 1.3 Workload / Cluster 1.4 A Datacenter 1.5 The World and the Bigger Picture 1.6 The Network 1.7 Sensor and Wireless 2 Tentative Assignments 3 Projects

Tentative Topics

Basics

• All that electronics stuff you learned and have forgotten: electricity, volts, amps, watts, resistance, capacitance, etc.
•  ? Power supplies - switching, efficiency thereof, linear
•  ? Why are things inefficient? Whole box picture

A Single Machine

• Where does the power go? System power consumption breakdown and analysis.
• Lowering CPU power: CPU sleep states and frequency scaling.
• IBM Tickless Kernel Paper
  • Weiser et al., Scheduling for Reduced CPU Energy
  • Lorch et al., Operating System Modifications for Task-Based Speed and Voltage Scheduling
  • Ghosts in the Machine: Interfaces for Better Power Management
  • Vertigo, OSDI 2002? Maybe would have been better than Lorch03, but redundant?
• Laptop suspend states - memory, disk, etc.
• Lowering CPU power: Low-power CPU design, arch. issues.
  • Atom, Geode, etc.
  • Architecture / EE guest lecture? Sutherland/sun async CPU design stuff, or similar?
  • Power and heat as limits to scaling?
• Energy sources and batteries
• Trends - disk, flash, dram, etc.
• Power supplies
  • Google Power Supply White Paper
  • Intel 2004 study on power supply efficiency
• Booting fast and sleeping more
• the move to multicore
  • Berkeley View of Parallel Computing
• Measuring power
  • PowerScope - Managing Battery Lifetime with Energy-Aware Adaptation
  • Quanto: Tracking Energy in Networked Embedded Systems
  • PowerTOP
  • PowerTOP and LatencyTOP interview
• the Itsy
• Offloading work into the environment and the cloud
  • Transient Customization of Mobile Computing Infrastructure (Wolbach, MobiVirt 2008)
• IBM Blue Gene/L Architecture

Workload / Cluster

• JouleSort - Sorting
• FAWN - I/O bound DISC
• Pergamum - Archival Storage

A Datacenter

• Reducing use by shutting machines down (Vahdat, etc)
  • Tolia et al., Delivering Energy Proportionality with Non Energy-Proportional Systems
• Power draw of the network (SIGCOMM Vahdat, intermittent ethernet, etc.)
•  ? Workloads (gaming, office, embedded, google, supercomputing)
• Datacenter efficiency: Cooling (passive, geothermal, waste heat, etc), power conversion and backup, etc.
  • Data Center Power Efficiency Metrics
  • Where Does the Power Go?
• Datacenter heat and workload work
  • http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix05/tech/general/moore.html
• Blade servers and thin clients
• Maybe: VirtualPower SOSP 2007
• Maybe: Energy-Aware Server Provisioning and Load Dispatching for Connection-Intensive Internet Services

The World and the Bigger Picture

• Using computers and IT to save power in other domains
• Lifecycle analysis?
• Asfandyar Qureshi, Plugging Into Energy Market Diversity -- dynamically spread load to areas with cheaper power
• Church, On Delivering Embarassingly Distributed Cloud Services -- cheaper and lower power to have distributed services?
• Nedevschi, Hot Data Centers vs. Cool Peers

The Network

• Reducing Network Energy Consumption via Sleeping and Rate-Adaptation
• A Scalable, Commodity Data Center Network Architecture

Sensor and Wireless

• Sensor networks and tiny tiny computers
  • Energy Efficiency of Wireless Transceivers
    • Background reading if not familiar with radios: Digital Modulation in Communications Systems -- An Introduction
  • Design of a Wireless Sensor Network Platform for Detecting Rare, Random, and Ephemeral Events
  • Integrating Concurrency Control and Energy Management in Device Drivers
• Wireless communication and power saving
  • Bounded Slow-Down for wireless ethernet power saving mode

Tentative Assignments

•  ? A system power draw measurement assignment
•  ? Workload measurement
•  ? PowerTOP, optimization, CPU sleep state management?

Projects

• Hardware: Modify Kill-a-Watt to add network or zigbee wireless broadcast of power use